What changed this year, and what actually helps.
Choose every grade you have a child in — you can pick more than one, and the page remembers. Each year gets one honest paragraph, three things worth doing, and one thing worth knowing about.
The choice is stored in this browser only, and never sent anywhere.
Grade 1
Counting becomes arithmetic.
Numbers to 50, adding and taking away, the first patterns, and the Canadian coins. One idea per page, because that is genuinely how it lands at six.
Three things that actually help
- Count real things out loud together — stairs, cutlery, socks.
- Let them handle actual coins. A nickel is worth more than a penny and looks smaller.
- Ask “how do you know?” rather than “is that right?”
Worth knowing
If letter sounds are still not reliable by the end of Grade 1, ask the school about it now. Early is enormously easier than later.
Grade 2
Regrouping arrives, and it is the hard one.
Numbers to 200, carrying and borrowing, arrays as the beginning of multiplication, symmetry, time and temperature.
Three things that actually help
- Use ten pennies and a dime to show what regrouping actually is.
- Look for symmetry in the house — windows, leaves, faces.
- Read the clock out loud, both ways: “twenty to four” and “three forty.”
Worth knowing
Regrouping is where confidence often cracks. It is a place-value idea, not a memory task — if it is not working, go back to the physical coins.
Grade 3
Measuring stops being counting.
Numbers to 1000, multiplication and division as ideas rather than facts, fractions of a set, and reading a scale where the marks are not all labelled.
Three things that actually help
- Cook something together and read the measuring jug.
- Halve and quarter real food, then ask which is bigger, a third or a quarter.
- Weigh things on a kitchen scale and read between the marks.
Worth knowing
A third is bigger than a quarter, and almost every child guesses the other way at first because four is bigger than three. It is worth meeting on purpose.
Grade 4
Fractions and decimals turn out to be the same thing.
Numbers to 10 000, multi-digit multiplication, equivalent fractions, decimals to hundredths, and area as rows times columns.
Three things that actually help
- Show that 0.5, one half and 50% are three names for one amount.
- Compare 0.7 and 0.15 — and let the wrong guess happen first.
- Measure a room and work out its area in square metres.
Worth knowing
0.15 looks bigger than 0.7 because it has more digits. This single misconception causes years of trouble and takes about ten minutes to fix properly.
Grade 5
One amount, written three ways.
Fractions, decimals and percents used interchangeably, volume and capacity, angles, and the first real work on how data can mislead.
Three things that actually help
- Work out a restaurant tip three different ways.
- Fill containers and compare capacity in millilitres.
- Find a graph in the news and ask where the axis starts.
Worth knowing
Grade 5 is where mathematics starts requiring reasons, not just answers. “Because I worked it out” stops being enough.
Grade 6
Numbers go below zero and stay there.
Integers, ratios and rates, the area of a circle, transformations on a grid, and exchange rates and interest.
Three things that actually help
- Read a winter forecast and work out the difference between −8 and 4.
- Measure round things with string and divide by the diameter. It is always about 3.14.
- Compare two supermarket prices per 100 g.
Worth knowing
−8 is smaller than −3, which feels wrong because eight is bigger than three. A number line on the fridge fixes it faster than any explanation.
Grade 7
Nothing is just one thing.
Square roots, prime factorisation, dividing fractions by fractions, circle area derived rather than given, probability of two events, and budgets.
Three things that actually help
- Ask why a claim is being made, and who benefits if it is believed.
- Cut a circle into wedges and rearrange them into a rectangle. That is where πr² comes from.
- Look at a graph and ask what it is not showing.
Worth knowing
Grade 7 is the year homework independence matters. Helping less, later, is usually more useful than helping more, sooner.
Grade 8
The year they run out of fractions.
Irrational numbers and the real number system, scientific notation, multiplying and dividing integers, two-variable data and scatter plots, and the Pythagorean theorem.
Three things that actually help
- Draw a square with 10 cm sides and measure the diagonal. It is about 14.1 cm — and no fraction will ever give the exact answer.
- Build simple against compound interest in a spreadsheet, same money, ten years.
- Plot two things about the same people and ask whether one causes the other. A scatter plot cannot tell you.
Worth knowing
Three things land this year: Health and Physical Education covers consent, contraception and online life more directly than before; French becomes a choice for secondary; and Grade 8 marks feed into secondary course selection. If a placement recommendation surprises you, ask what evidence it rests on, and ask early.